IH: Carburetor, Intake Manifold & Exhaust - Sub-01M

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====== IH: Carburetor, Intake Manifold & Exhaust - Sub-01M ======
\\
====== Bendix Carb Functions, Adjustments, Tuning ======
See also in the Sportsterpedia: \\
  * [[techtalk:ih:carb01#bendix_zenith_i6p12_carb_1972-early_1976|Bendix Carb Basic Information]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:carb01k|Bendix Carb Identification]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:carb01l|Rebuilding the Bendix Carb]]

====== Parts / Functions ======

===== Main Jet / IdleTube =====
**Fixed or adjustable main jet identification**: \\
The factory Bendix carbs for Sportsters have a fixed main that doubles as the float bowl bolt with the Idle tube on top. \\

For a quick visual, look at the top of the carb, first screw boss from the A/C, look for either a welch plug or a screw head with no spring under it. \\
The screw head looks like it could be adjusted but it is not the adjustable type. ((fergerburger of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/108002-zenith-bendix-carb-rebuild-kits/page2?t=988224&page=2)) \\

The later 'Zenith' Carb with the adjustable main has a screw that goes thru a spring. \\
The spring is visible looking at the top of the carb, first screw boss from the A/C. \\
It is the main adjustment that has a tapered point at the end. \\

On either style: \\
  * Turning clockwise = leaner.
  * Turning counter-clockwise = richer.


==== Main jet ====
The main jet screw is the one closest to the air cleaner. The Idle screw is closer to the manifold. \\
The main jet doubles as the float bowl securing bolt under the carb. \\ 

==== Idle Tube ====
Alternate references include intermediate / idle / low speed jet. The original idle tubes are designated with either 

The "needle" is just a transfer tube to get low speed mix from the bottom of main up to the top side of the carb to the idle/low speed circuitry. ((CHOPTOP37 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164630-bendix-stutter-intermediate-jet/page3#post3508138)) \\
The tube is a pretty sloppy fit where it enters the top of the carb, below the threads. \\
There is a built in air bleed circuit between the idle tube passage and idle mixture circuit. \\
It's location of the idle air bleed allows less fuel flow during time of open throttle plate high reversion compared to the other OEM carbs. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164630-bendix-stutter-intermediate-jet/page5?t=1770307&page=5)) \\
Translation: it's the bleed that allows the Bendix to tolerate straights better. \\

The Idle Tube on top of 72-74 OEM carbs is a brass flat top screw that screws thru a fiber washer down thru the top into that fixed main jet (all non adjustable). \\
From 1972-1974, the idle tube was exposed on top of the carb with a brass screw for installation. \\
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:72-74_bendix_idle_tube_by_jayd142.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by jayd241 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/167495-bendix-carb-rebuild-beat-up-idle-tube#post3568870)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:72-74_bendix_idle_tube_location_by_the_doctor71_annotated_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195791-bendix-zenith-questions/page2?t=2072203&page=2)) 

The idle tube on 75-E76 carbs is pressed into the body with a welch plug covering it. \\

Zenith/Bendix offered (and still does) aftermarket carbs with an adjustable main which replaced the brass idle tube (screw closest to the cleaner). \\
This screw in tube with the small spring actually doubles as an idle tube to pick up fuel up to the idle circuit. \\
But the taper at the end of it is to adjust the main circuit. \\
The size / markings / pilot orifice of the adjustable idle tube is not known. ((CHOPTOP37 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164630-bendix-stutter-intermediate-jet/page3#post3508138))) \\
But you could use a pin gauge or drill bit to measure should you feel the need to work on this circuit. \\
Keep in mind the adjustable main's biggest job is it blocks or opens the main circuit with the taper at the end. ((CHOPTOP37 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164630-bendix-stutter-intermediate-jet/page3#post3508138))) \\
The rest of the tube / orifice has nothing to do with that. That is for the low speed. \\
Like any adjustable jet, you cannot over tighten it clockwise or you can indent the taper. \\
The later adjustable main is favorable if mounting on an early magneto motor as you do not have to pull the carb off to make main adjustments. \\

===== Float =====

===== Float Bowl =====


==== Check Valve ====
The check valve is press fit into the bowl (yellow circle below) and has two main functions.
  - It feeds gas to the  accelerator passage in the bottom of the bowl.
  - It seals off the main fuel supply between the bowl and the accel pump passage when the pump is actuated.

The disc is left loose by the tabs in the normal relaxed state to allow gas to enter the accel passage below. \\. \\
Then it is seated when the pump shaft is actuated by way of pressure created in the accel passage of the bowl which pushes the disc up into the seat. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:clearing_the_bendix_accel_pump_by_the_doctor71.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM  https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195495-bendix-carb-accelerator-jet-plugged?t=2071854))  {{:techtalk:ih:carb:original_bendix_check_valve_1_by_the_doctor71.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/197956-zenith-bendix-check-valve?t=2074658)) 
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:original_bendix_check_valve_2_by_the_doctor71.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/197956-zenith-bendix-check-valve?t=2074658)) \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:original_bendix_check_valve_3_by_the_doctor71.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/197956-zenith-bendix-check-valve?t=2074658)) 
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:original_bendix_check_valve_4_by_the_doctor71.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/197956-zenith-bendix-check-valve?t=2074658)) 
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:original_bendix_check_valve_5_by_the_doctor71.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by The Doctor71 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/197956-zenith-bendix-check-valve?t=2074658)) \\

===== Choke Plate \ Cable =====
Before cranking the engine, the throttle should be opened to expose all three idle holes (top inside the venture). ((1970-1976 HD Sportster FSM pg3-48)) \\
The choke should be fully closed when cranking the engine and slightly opened after the engine starts. \\
The hole in the choke plate helps to prevent over-choking when the engine is started. \\
It should be moved to wide open when the engine is patially warmed up. \\

Here is a pic of what the installation of the choke/throttle butterfly looks like. The small hole/cutout is at the top. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112695-bendix-rebuilt-and-installed-but-troubles/page2?postcount=16#post2368179)) \\
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_3_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112695-bendix-rebuilt-and-installed-but-troubles/page2?postcount=16#post2368179)) \\

The throttle butterfly in the main body opens to the manifold. ((brianbbs67 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164630-bendix-stutter-intermediate-jet/page2?t=1770307&page=2)) \\
When it's shut, no throttle, you should be able to hold the intake side of the carb up to the light and not see anything around it showing light. \\
If it does, it's out of round and hard to fix as it leans out the mix. \\

**Adjusting the choke cable**: \\
Push the knob all the way in, have the choke wide open, tighten set screw on the cable. ((egarrett of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/189685-bendix-choke-question/page3?t=2022848&page=3)) \\

===== Throttle Cable =====
If you have a twist grip throttle (barrel type) you are not going to be able to use hard wire. The bellcrank on your carb makes the cable end swing in an arc. \\
You may want to bend the end of the bracket just a bit upwards to lessen the binding at closed throttle. \\
As you open the throttle the cable becomes more inline with the housing and binding becomes less and less. 
The butterfly is going to go and stay where the cable tells it to go. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122135-blipping-throttle-causes-runaway-rpm#post2555914)) \\

The cable can bind with the hard wire throttle. The sketch below is exaggerated but it will give you a general idea of what can bind when the throttle is opened. \\
The cable is straight and the bell crank on the carb turns in a circular motion around the pivot point of the butterfly shaft. \\
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mech_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&400|}} ((drawing by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122135-blipping-throttle-causes-runaway-rpm#post2555914)) \\

====  Swapping from a Tillotson to a Bendix Carb ====
If you want to swap from a Tillotson to a Bendix, you will have to purchase a reverse grip spiral.  Look up part# 56220-58 at J&P Cycles. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/92522-another-tillotson-magneto-hard-to-start-xlch-question/page4?t=757993&page=4)) \\
Harley part # 56220-58 (pulls). Harley part # 56220-53 (pushes). ((needspeed of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195893-from-tillitson-to-mikuni-vm38-9-throttle-set-up?t=2072323)) \\
The reason you need this is because the Tillotson opens up by rolling the throttle back to open the carb. This is normal. \\
If you stick a Bendix on the bike with your same throttle, you will find that to open the throttle you will be rolling the throttle forward. \\
The reason for this is because of the two carbs butterfly actuator opens differently from each other. \\
You can see the two different type spirals here. One for a pull (Bendix) and one for a push (Tillotson).  \\
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:throttle_grips_by_sleighcrane.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by sleighcrane of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/196764-lookin-for-tips-on-carb-linkage?highlight=bendix#post5747569)) \\
\\

One solution was to fabricate a cable holder that was able to rotate slightly as the angle of the cable changed. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122135-blipping-throttle-causes-runaway-rpm#post2555914)) \\
This has a bronze ball inside the capping pieces which rotates as the cable moves around. \\
The bracket is mounted to the back side of the manifold (towards the center of the frame). \\
The ball is threaded and into that screws the cable housing stop fitting. \\
So as the angle changes, the ball swivels and so does the end of the cable housing allowing the cable not to bend or get pinched. \\
These were made out of a pair of Quik Fasteners. Two halves go around a round brass ball. \\
This allows the housing to rotate as the throttle is opened and closed. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mod_1_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300 |}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122135-blipping-throttle-causes-runaway-rpm#post2555914)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mod_2_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122135-blipping-throttle-causes-runaway-rpm#post2555914)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mod_3_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch?t=1069639)) \\

Another simple way for the internal throttle setup: ((Monte03 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page4?t=1069639&page=4)) \\
Fab a 90° bracket that is mounted off the top manifold bolt. \\
Then purchase an HD cable clamp (9994) and route the cable through the left side and adjust so that its inline with carb swivel. \\
The 9994 is the same factory clamp as used for a magneto cable (disregard the spring shown, it's not needed) \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:throttle_cable_1_by_monte03.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Monte03 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page4?t=1069639&page=4)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:throttle_cable_2_by_monte03.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Monte03 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page4?t=1069639&page=4)) \\

If you're using a braided cable, it needs a return spring on the butterfly. If you do not, then that will result in high revs when you blip the throttle. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122135-blipping-throttle-causes-runaway-rpm#post2555914)) \\
The hard wire is what opens and closes the butterfly. The braided cable cannot close the butterfly because the cable is not stiff enough. \\
Even if you find broken strands, be sure to rig up a spring. It wont take a great deal of spring tension to close the butterfly, but a spring is needed. \\

If the cable is that shot, replace it. But if just the ends are frayed, you can solder them together with electronics solder. ((Monte03 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/81181-bendix-carb?t=596371)) \\
Start by cleaning it with alcohol (cleans great and leaves no residue). ((wickit of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/81181-bendix-carb/page3?t=596371&page=3)) \\
After this if it is frayed get some small wire (30 AWG). Use this to wrap the end of your cable so all of the strands are contacting each other. \\
(gets rid of the birdcage look). Apply flux, add heat and solder. \\
When the solder flows into the strands remove the heat, let it cool and remove any excess solder with a file. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_carb_by_jdxlch.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by jdxlch of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch?t=1069639)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_spring_by_russ_t_nail.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Russ t nail of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page5?t=1069639&page=5)) \\

Another option: \\
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_bracket_1_by_biged.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by biged of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/92443-bendix-zenith-carburetor?t=757063)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_bracket_2_by_biged.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by biged of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/92443-bendix-zenith-carburetor?t=757063)) \\

Below, the existing bracket was modified. With two crescent wrenches and a rat tail file, the hole was enlarged almost to the end of the support. ((jdxlch of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page2?t=1069639&page=2))\\
Make sure to get it out far enough to clear the throttle shaft cam. The bracket was put in a vise and to bend the very end up and in to about 45°. \\
Using the two crescents, one on each side of the cable sleeve, it and just rolled it back. \\
Be careful not to pry / push on the cable sleeve. It's only rolled over on the bottom like a rivet. \\
Next, the bracket was positioned in the vise and the cresents were used to open up the existing 90° bend another 45°. \\
You may have to tweek it a bit to get the straightest throw for the cable. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mod_1_by_jdxlch.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by jdxlch of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page2?t=1069639&page=2)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mod_2_by_jdxlch.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by jdxlch of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page2?t=1069639&page=2)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_throttle_cable_mod_3_by_jdxlch.jpg?direct&210|}} ((photo by jdxlch of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112815-bendix-throttle-cable-mounting-74xlch/page2?t=1069639&page=2))  \\

The single set screw on this cable assembly has nothing but the cable to tighten against. \\
A single screw to clamp the cable not only kinks it, but also causes the braid to separate somewhat. \\
This mod was done to be able to clamp the cable and minimize damage to the cable. \\

If you used a set screw on either side of the cable, both would tighten on the cable and keep it more centered. \\
The cable below is a hard wire but may also work on braided cables if you have the room. \\
However, for this, a metal dowel was installed in the housing side opposite the set screw. \\
This allowed the set screw to tighten solid against something hard with the cable in between (same as a double set screw). \\
The dowel is on the bottom side and the set screw is on top side in the pic below. \\
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:throttle_cable_mod_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/136431-the-final-install-of-the-mikuni-with-enclosed-cable/page2?t=1480481&page=2)) \\

===== Carb / A/C Brace =====
The weight of the air filter is irrelevant. All models need an air filter support. ((ryder rick of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195791-bendix-zenith-questions/page2?t=2072203&page=2)) \\
The manifold to head joints were never intended to support anything, and do a poor job of it. \\
All bikes came from the factory with a support, the later bikes have 2. \\ 
**NOTE**: \\
There are some aftermarket supports that pick up a carb mounting bolt but they don't hold up the air filter and they act as a teeter totter. \\

The simple way to add the needed support of the carb is to use a metal brace from the A/c backing plate to the front intake lifter bolt stud at the bottom. \\

You can make your own bracket out of 1/8”x3/4“ steel or aluminum, bent and drilled for a hole to bolt it down by the bottom of the lifters. \\
Just drill the backing plate with a 1/4” drill bit and attach the carb bracket with a 1/4“-20 nut and bolt with washers. \\
For the bottom of the carb bracket you can do no better than using the 'studded' lifter base bolt. \\
You can make the carb bracket as a simple item or make it more complex if that suits you. \\

This is commercial carb brace. The angle was slightly modified on this one to fit. \\
{{:techtalk:ref:carb:mounting_vm-38_pic_8_by_ironmick.jpg?direct&400|}} ((photo by IronMick of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/145196-i-love-my-mikuni-vm38-9-because?t=1576003)) {{:techtalk:ref:carb:vm-38_project_16_by_ironmick.jpg?direct&250|}} ((photo by IronMick of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/144559-first-startup-w-mikuni-vm38-9/page2?t=1567528&page=2)) \\

This one is made from an 1/8"x3/4" stainless steel strap. It has an aluminum spacer block between the backing plate and the brace at the top.\\
{{:techtalk:ref:carb:vm-38_pic_5_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122578-mikuni-vm38-3-jets/page2?t=1206745&page=2)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:mounting_a_bendix_2_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&150|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/122578-mikuni-vm38-3-jets/page2?t=1206745&page=2)) \\

====== Tuning ======
\\
===== Stock Bendix (fixed jet) Tuning =====
Before making any adjustments, bring the engine up to operating temperature. ((1970-1978 HD FSM pg 3-66)) \\
Make sure the air filter is clean and that there is no leaks in the carb to manifold connection. \\

**Low speed needle**: \\
Turned in (clockwise) will lean the mixture. \\
Turned out (counter-clockwise)  will richen the mixture. \\
The needle valve is held in position by a spring. \\
Adjustment: \\
Turn low speed mixture screw all the way in (clockwise) until lightly seated (do not tighten). Then; \\
(72-73) Back it out (counter-clockwise) 1-1/2 turns. \\
(74-E76) Back it out 2-1/4 turns. \\
With the needle in this position, the engine will start but the mixture will be rich. \\

**Throttle lever stop screw**: \\
Adjust throttle lever stop screw to the engine idle at desired speed with the throttle fully closed. \\
(Clockwise makes engine run faster, counterclockwise makes engine run slower. \\
Never set idle adjustment to slowest possible speed. \\
An extremely slow idle causes bearing wear oil consumption and slow speed acceleration problems. \\

**Final adjustments**: \\
Make final low speed needle adjustment after engine is at operating temperature (first in then out to see if the engine picks up smoothly). \\
Starting and all around operation will be better when the mixture is slightly rich. \\
If necessary, go back to the idle stop screw and readjust, then back to the low speed needle.  \\
Recommended idle speed is 700-900 RPM. \\

During high speed operation, the fuel is metered by the fixed jet which has no adjustment. \\

===== Aftermarket Bendix (adjustable main jet) Tuning =====

One advantage of using an adjustable main is being able to tune without removing the carb. ((DirtyHarry68 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195791-bendix-zenith-questions/page2?t=2072203&page=2)) \\
The float bowl won’t come off without removing the carb when running a magneto.

Instructions per the "C194-19 Zenith Model 16p12 Installation Sheet (with adjustable main jet)". ((instructions provided by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/126883-setting-the-bendix?t=1294700)) \\

As a replacement for Keihin or older Bendix, Tillotson carbs:
  * Mount it in place of old carb using the proper studs and mounting hardware. \\ Install the vacuum tube (if applicable) or plug it off.
  * Connect the throttle, choke and fuel line. \\ 
  * Use an inline fuel filter to minimize contamination if you don't have a screen on the petcock.
  * Install the air cleaner. \\ 

**Note**:
If using the chrome plated 40mm carb (014052);
  * There is an overflow tube included with the kit. \\ The overflow tube should run away from the exhaust to the front of the bike. \\ You can use the existing overflow tube setup (if equipped) but check for cracks and holes in it.
  * A new choke cable bracket and cable/knob assembly for installation on 1986-1987 Sportsters (available in the c182-1387 accessory kit). \\ Be sure to install the choke cable with the choke in the open or normal running position. \\ When your sure of operaton, cut the excess wire off the end of the cable.
  * You may need a set of spacers to install the stock air cleaner on 86-87 models. They are included in the accessory kit. \\ Air cleaner screws should be tightened in sequence, alternating each screw until completely tightened.
  * If using the chrome plated 40mm carb (014052) on 1340cc engines; \\ You may need a jet discharge tube (c66-184-2) added to eliminate a lean condition even with the main jet in the full open position.

**Initial carb settings**: \\
  - Open the idle adjustment (low speed) needle 1 full turn open (or out) from fully closed. \\ This needle is on top of the carb closest to engine. \\ Now adjust the main jet (high speed adjustment) out app. 4 turns open (or out). \\ The lowest (or closed) position occurs when the tension spring is coil bound (but not tight).
  - Start the engine and check for leaks. \\ Adjust the idle mixture screw until you obtain the highest and smoothest possible idle. \\ Adjust the overall idle speed with the idle stop screw on the throttle lever.
  - With the idle speed and mixture adjusted, high speed mixture can be adjusted by running the engine up thru first or second gear to 4500 RPM or above. \\ Overly rich mixture responds by breaking up or running roughly at high RPM. \\ To lean out the main jet, turn the main jet adjustment needle in app. 1/2 turn at a time until the engine responds by pulling cleanly through high RPM ranges in 1st or 2nd gear.
    * Also be aware that the spring for the main gets bound (fully compressed) before the needle seats. ((Matt397 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/108084-zenith-bendix-adj-main-jet-rebuild-tuning?threadid=989898)) The adjustment (4 turns takes this into account).
    * However, the only way (short of a dyno) to tell is to run the bike to redline in top gear. You can't tune a main jet while the bike is on the side stand. ((Ferrous Head of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195607-bendix-carb-questions-identication?t=2071986))
      * Jump on the bike and ride it down the road in first or second gear and run it up to about 3/4 throttle. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/108084-zenith-bendix-adj-main-jet-rebuild-tuning?threadid=989898)) \\ If the engine blubbers, turn in the main jet needle in until it clears out.
      * If it does not clear, do another run but turn the needle out until it clears.  \\  At the point that the engine suddenly runs smoothly and pulls strong you have successfully adjusted the high speed correctly.

 Look down the throat of the carb when it is running, twist the throttle and you should be able to see it "pull" the fuel out of the main at about 3000rpm, Look for a moderate spray, it will pop if too lean and GUSH fuel if too rich. A good starting point. 
  - After the high speed mix is adjusted, it may be necessary to slightly re-adjust the idle mixture screw.
  - Changes in cams, exhaust  or engine displacement may require idle or main jet re-adjustments. \\ But the range of adjustments should be enough to accommodate a wide variety of engine sizes and modification levels.
  - Extreme caution should be used when handling fuel or making adjustments. \\ Do not make adjustments on a moving motorcycle. 


{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_carb_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/133538-amf-carb-help?t=1434945)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_carb_-labeled-_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/124028-sitting-for-20-years/page3#post2851691)) \\


Here is the adjustable needle. It has a spring (at the top end) to keep tension on the needle. \\
The pic to the right is of the bottom end of the adjustable main jet needle (installed). Notice how close it comes to the absolute bottom of the float chamber. \\
Also notice that this particular bowl has no drain plug like the one shown in the factory manual. \\

The spring is .640" long and a tad longer than 5/8" with 6 coils. ((piniongear of the https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/108084-zenith-bendix-adj-main-jet-rebuild-tuning?threadid=989898)) \\
You can get a suitable spring at a hardware store and cut (grind it) to the correct length if you are missing one on a used carb. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_4_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112695-bendix-rebuilt-and-installed-but-troubles/page2?postcount=16#post2368179)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_5_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112695-bendix-rebuilt-and-installed-but-troubles/page2?postcount=16#post2368179)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_8_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&270|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/105564-rebuilded-bendix-now-it-s-flooding/page3?threadid=941501&page=3)) \\

====== Troubleshooting ======

==== Flooding ====
Excess fuel should be coming out of the hole in the pic below and the cause is either a too high float level or a stuck / blocked float needle failing to seat. \\
  * Check the float level setting and adjust to 3/16 inch if needed. \\ If it pukes fuel after you set the float correctly, then just buy a new float needle and it will come with a new seat. \\ Replace both of these and you should have no more fuel puking.
  * When you install the float bowl back on you will have to take the end of the float spring and wrap it upwards as you install the bowl. \\ This end of the spring has to be inside the bowl and resting against the wall of the bowl.
  * No need to put the carb back on the engine yet. \\ Just hook up the gas line from the tank and holding the carb level turn on the petcock. \\ If the needle is seating, no excess fuel should come out the overflow. \\ If it does, tap the side of the bowl with a wrench to dis-lodge the needle. \\ If that does not stop the flow, then you need to buy the kit and replace the needle and seat which come as a matched set.
  * Some of the rebuild kits have the wrong size needle, it is too big. Compare it to the old one to see if they are different. ((joestuff of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/54403-bendix-carb-leaking-out-of-ideas?t=261311))
  * Also check the needle seat for dried varnish or debris, out of round or damaged,
  * Make sure the float is moving free and easy, with no sticking. It should take no force whatsoever to move the float up and down.
  * Also, check to see if your float, floats. Submerge it in a container of water to check for leaks.

Here is where the overflow hole is located at (left pic, pencil points out the hole). Carefully take the carb apart. \\ 
Watch out not to tear the gasket, or else you will need the kit (the gasket is normally very durable). \\
The only gasket you will find is the one on the float bowl. The right pic below shows what the gasket looks like with the float removed. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_1_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/143391-stock-carburetor-problems-1974-xlch?postid=4188583#post3054769)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_2_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/143391-stock-carburetor-problems-1974-xlch?postid=4188583#post3054769)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bench_testing_bendix_float_by_dirtyharry68.jpg?direct&250|}} ((photo by DirtyHarry68 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/195791-bendix-zenith-questions/page6?t=2072203&page=6)) \\

==== Running Rich ====
Running super rich and fouling the plugs even at highway speed. \\
The bike would start up easy and after about 20 miles down the road, the plugs would foul. \\
Pulled the plugs and both were sooty black. \\
One plug would remain firing but the other cylinder was dead. \\
The problem was inside the carb. \\
There is an O-ring around the main jet body that had degraded and broken in half. \\
This allowed raw fuel to leak directly into the inlet manifold rather than be routed through the main jet. \\
With a 10 pack of #5 O-rings ($1.29) from the hardware store plumbing department, the carb was fixed. \\

Sometimes when you push the main jet into the body attaching the bowl, the O-ring rubs on the threads of the body and can "clip" a piece out of the O-ring. ((shovithead of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/105564-rebuilded-bendix-now-it-s-flooding/page6?t=941501&page=6)) \\
You can use dielectric grease to lubricate them, and they slide right in. \\
If it clips the O-ring, the main jet will allow the fuel to bleed into the throat causing flooding, hard to make idle, and almost impossible to increase the rpms. \\

 On the needle valve clip, if you run them towards the air cleaner, they seem to work better and not hang up, but i always clip mine a shade shorter, so they won't spin and get tangled up in the float.

{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_parts_1_by_brianbbs67.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by brianbbs67 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164664-zenith-bendix-explode-and-redo?s=7b8ab13b7c115b6569746f1c73e14531#post3508649)) {{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_parts_2_by_brianbbs67.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by brianbbs67 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/164664-zenith-bendix-explode-and-redo?s=7b8ab13b7c115b6569746f1c73e14531#post3508649)) 
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bad_bendix_main_jet_oring_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&250|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/105339-bendix-zenith-experience?t=937320)) \\

==== High throttle on startup ====
Look at the throttle butterfly when you begin to start it. \\
The butterfly should be tight against the idle screw when the throttle is rolled off. There is no way the revs can be high if the throttle is closed. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112695-bendix-rebuilt-and-installed-but-troubles/page3?t=1068009&page=3))
 \\
There is nothing in the carb or anything that you could do (or fail to do) with reassembly other than install the throttle butterfly upside down. \\
The throttle butterfly plate should close off the venturi when you roll the throttle off. \\ Take a look inside the open end (A/C end of the carb) to check this. \\
Most of the time high throttle on start up is the result of the throttle cable holding open the butterfly. \\
The main needle adjustment will have no effect on this either. It only comes into play at 1/2 throttle and above.

The red arrow indicates the point where the throttle closes against the idle screw. \\
With the lever in this position you can look into the carb and the butterfly should be firmly closed. \\
If not, ease up on the cable tension to allow the throttle plate to fully close. \\ 
{{:techtalk:ih:carb:bendix_pic_6_by_piniongear.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by piniongear of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/112695-bendix-rebuilt-and-installed-but-troubles/page3?t=1068009&page=3)) \\

====== Bendix / Zenith Manuals and Other Helpful Links ======

  * [[http://www.zenithfuelsystems.com/|Zenith Fuel Systems.com]]
  * [[http://www.zenithfuelsystems.com/documents/HARLEYDAVIDSONCARBURETORS2009.pdf|2009 Zenith Fuel Systems LLC PDF for Harley Carbs]] 


\\


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